Aboriginals in Canada and Mexico essays

Aboriginals in Canada and Mexico essays For many years, Aboriginal people in Canada and Mexico have fought for political sovereignty and self-government. While Canada and Mexico are two different countries with two different cultures and histories, the Aboriginal peoples fight in both countries is strikingly similar. Both groups of people have been fighting a war against assimilation and the utter destruction of their culture. While some groups have lost parts of their culture to absorption, these Aboriginals strive to preserve or regain any parts of their heritage that they can. They have been overwhelmed by European colonies and societies and have come under their rule. Aboriginal people in Canada and Mexico are expected to live under Canadian or Mexican government when they are a different people than those who attempt to preside over them. These Aboriginal people have to come to believe that the respective governments should grant autonomy and that they should be able to be their own separate entity within the already established borders of Canada and Mexico. Learning about Canadas history lends some background on how the native peoples there became repressed. Surprisingly enough, European settlers and explorers first treated the Natives of North America as a sovereign nation, completely equal in law. Relations between Europeans and Natives varied from friendly trades to hostile battles, yet the Natives were never defeated or surrendered in any way. Conversely, many Indian groups did end up signing treaties with Europeans that would continue to haunt them for generations to come. Once the Natives came under settler rule, the Europeans planned that eventually find a place for Aboriginals in the social contract (8). Still, this posed a problem for both groups because European settlers could not see the Aboriginal people as fit for inclusion in their society. Instead Indians were seen as a primitive civilization with no rights to citizenship. So...

US Historical Newspapers Online by State

US Historical Newspapers Online by State Search indexed newspapers or browse the actual digitized pages of hundreds of digitized historical newspapers online. This listing of historical newspapers online by state includes many, but not all, of the available U.S. historical newspapers online. Most historical newspapers listed here are free, but those that require a subscription are marked accordingly. Alabama Birmingham Iron Age, 1874-1887 - Free, from the Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections Alaska Tundra Times, 1962-1997 - The voice of Alaskan Natives, online for free access from the Tuzzy Library at Ilisagvik College. Arizona Casa Grande Newspaper Project, 1912-2007 - Search more than 267,735 historical newspaper pages online for free thanks to the Casa Grande Public Library. Arkansas Northwest Arkansas Times (Fayetteville), 1937-1977 - Part of Ancestry.coms historical newspaper collection, along with selected years of several other Arkansas newspapers. Subscription required.Arkansas Gazette, 1819-1899 - Just one of several historical Arkansas newspapers available online through GenealogyBank.com. Subscription required. California Amador Ledger, 1900-1911 - Online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionAlta California, 1849-1910 - a daily San Francisco newspaper, online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionEl Clamor Publico, 1855-1859 - the first Spanish-language newspaper in California after the American occupation. Online for free fro the USC Libraries Digital Archive.Los Angeles Herald, 1900-1910 - Online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionSan Francisco Call, 1900-1910 - San Franciscos morning newspaper until 1913, online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper Collection Colorado Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection - 140 historical newspapers online, published in Colorado from 1859-1923, including the Daily Rocky Mountain News from Denver. Free Connecticut The Hartford Courant, 1764-1984 - Online archives from the Hartford Courant offers free index searching, but requires a per article fee to access actual newspaper documents. Florida Boca Raton Newspapers Collection, 1938-1970 - Free collection of several hometown newspapers from the Boca Raton Historical Society.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 - This free historical newspapers collection from the Library of Congress offers access to several dozen different Florida newspapers, including the Gainesville Daily Sun, Pensacola Daily News and the Florida Agriculturist.Florida Digital Newspaper Library, mid-1800s through present - Hundreds of Florida newspapers have been digitized and made available online for free viewing through this massive project.St. Petersburg Times/St. Petersburg Evening Independent, 1901-present - Google News Archive hosts free digitized copies of these two long-time St. Petersburg newspapers. Enter St. Petersburg or the paper name in the source box. Georgia The Cherokee Phoenix, 1828-1833 - American Indian newspaper, online for free viewing as part of the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.The Colored Tribune, 1876 - Savannah-based, African-American newspaper. From the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.The Dublin Post, 1878-1887 - Online for free viewing as part of the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.Rome News-Tribune, 1910-1999 - Selected issues, most from 1910, and from 1950-1990, are available online for free viewing through Google News Archive. Enter Rome News in the source box. Hawaii Ulukau: Hawaiian Electronic Library, 1834-1948 - A collection of historic Hawaiian language newspapers available for free searching and browsing.Hawaiian Language Newspapers, 1834-1927 - More than a dozen historic newspapers with free online access from the University of Hawaii. Scattered dates and titles available. Illinois Barrington Review, 1914-1930 - Free access to full–page reproductions from January 1, 1914–December 29, 1921 and April 23, 1925–November 13, 1930. Also available, an index to births, deaths and marriages from the Barrington Courier-Review from 1890-2006.Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections, 1895-1945 - Titles available among the more than three dozen newspaper titles include the Daily Illini (1916-1945), the Urbana Daily Courier (1903-1935), and the Express - Tallula, Illinois (1895-1896, scattered issues). Free!Chicago Tribune Archive – Historic article images from 1852 to the present. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your local library).Chicago Defender Archive – Historic article images from 1905–1975. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your local library).Quinc y Historical Newspaper Archive, 1835-1919 - Free access to the Quincy Daily Whig, Quincy Daily Herald and Quincy Daily Journal. Flora Digital Newspapers Collection - Free, online historical newspapers from Flora and Clay County in Southern Illinois from the Illinois Digital Archives.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 – Includes the Chicago Eagle (1889–1922) and the Cairo Bulletin (1868–1878), plus a few others. Indiana Hoosier State Chronicles  - Indianas digital historic newspaper program offers online access to several dozen Indiana newspaper titles,  encompassing over 58,000 issues and over 360,000 pages.Muncie Post-Democrat, 1921-1950 - Includes issues of the historic anti-Ku Klux Klan newspaper published by George Dale from 1921 until his death in 1936, and continued as a local newspaper after his death until the 1950s. Free!NewspaperArchive  - The Indiana Historical Society partnered with Newspaper Archive to digitize 5,625 rolls of microfilm representing 760 Indiana newspapers, encompassing more than 2.5 million newspaper pages dated 1924 and earlier. View for free  in the William H. Smith Memorial Library, or online with a subscription to NewspaperArchive. Iowa Adams County Free Press, 1876-2000 - Over 100,000 digitized pages online for free searching and viewing.Cedar Rapids Newspaper Archives, 1857-1998 - Free online access to a number of Cedar Rapids area historical newspapers, including the  Cedar Rapids Gazette,  Des Moines Daily News  and  Iowa State Leader.Charles City Press, 1930-2007 - A free online database containing more than 3,300 historical newspaper pages from the Floyd County Museum.Sioux County Newspaper Archives, 1878-2000 - Search or browse over a dozen Sioux County historical newspapers for free. Kansas Kansas Memory Historic Newspapers, 1850-1987 - Selected pages and articles from historical newspapers across the state.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 - Explore selected issues from over 20 historical Kansas newspapers in this free digitized collection from the Library of Congress.GenealogyBank - Historic Kansas Newspapers, 1841-1981 - Selected (mostly short) runs from over 68 historic African-American Kansas newspapers can be searched and viewed through a subscription to GenealogyBank, including such newspapers as the Wichita Searchlight and the State Ledger (Topeka).Ancestry Historical Newspaper Collection - Kansas  - Subscription-based site Ancestry.com offers digitized issues of the  Atchison Globe, in its various incarnations, from 1882-1976, plus the  Great Bend Tribune,  Salina Journal, and  Western Kansas Press. Kentucky Historic Kentucky Newspapers, 1896-1916 - The Kentuckiana Digital Library has over 35 historic Kentucky newspapers online for free searching and viewing. Available issues vary by paper - from one to several thousand. Louisiana New Orleans Bee, 1827-1953 - Free PDF files are browseable by date, but there is no other search feature. From the Jefferson Parish Library.Louisiana Newspaper Access Program  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A small number of the earliest newspaper issues from each of Louisianas 64 parishes.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 – This free historical newspapers collection from the Library of Congress offers access to over fifty historical Louisiana newspapers, including the Louisiana Democrat, the Colfax Chronicle and the Madison Journal.Google News Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized Louisiana newspapers in the Google News Archive collection include a large run of the New Orleans Commercial Bulletin, the Louisiana Courier, the New-Orleans Tagliche Deutfche Beitung and the Louisiana Staats-Zeitung. Maryland Google News Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Browsable and searchable Maryland newspapers in the Google News Archive collection include the Baltimore Afro-Eagle (1933-2003) and the American Eagle (1856-1857).Maryland Early State Records Online, Newspapers, 1802–1947 – Browsable only, these digitized early Maryland newspapers date as early as the 1802 American and Commercial Daily Advertiser to the Civil War era Baltimore Clipper and more recent Cambridge Chronicle (1830–1947).Maryland Gazette Collection, 1728–1839 – Browsable, digitized pages from the Maryland State Archives. Massachusetts The Barnstable Patriot Digital Archive, 1830–1930 - Searchable digitized newspaper covers Cape Cod and the Islands, plus the Hyannis Patriot (1894-1930) and Sandwich Observer (1910-1911). From the Sturgis Library.The Chatham Monitor Cape Cod Chronicle Historical Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Eldredge Public Library has digitized and made available online their entire collection of historic Chatham newspapers.Provincetown Advocate – Search the Provincetown Public Librarys digitized collection of Provincetown area newspapers, including the Provincetown Advocate, Provincetown Banner, Provincetown Beacon and News Beacon. Scroll down to the bottom of the page for the search link.Boston Globe Historical Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Historic article images from 1872-1922, plus current content from 1979-present. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your  local library).The Liberator  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digiti zed images from 1831-1865 can be searched or browsed for this influential anti-slavery newspaper published by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Available with a subscription to Accessible Archives. Michigan Cass City Newspapers  - Free PDF images of the Cass City Chronicle (1981–2009) and Enterprise (1881–1906) from the Rawson Memorial Library.The Commercial Record  (Saugatuck) – Back issues of this Saugatuck-Douglas community newspaper are available for browsing for most of the period 1868–1967. A small portion of the content has been indexed and is searchable.Grosse Pointe Newspapers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Includes the Grosse Pointe News (1940–present), Grosse Pointe Review (1930–1952), and Grosse Pointe Civic News (1923–1934). From the Grosse Pointe Public Library.Making of Modern Michigan  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Dozens of historical newspapers dating back to the mid-1800s are available from a cooperative of 52 participating libraries, including the Manchester Enterprise (1867-1892) and Owosso Press (1862-1869).Lake Orion Review  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Searchable archive covering the years 1868-1957 from the Orion Township Public Library. Minnesota Holt Weekly News  - Searchable and browsable archive of the community newspaper Holt Weely News from 1911-1952.Minnesota Digital Newspaper Project  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A great gateway page to the Minnesota historical newspapers available online at Chronicling America, including various incarnations of the Saint Paul Globe (1878–1905) and Bemidji Pioneer (1896–1922).Winona Newspaper Project  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This searchable archive includes available issues of the Winona Argus (1854 and 1857), the Winona Daily Republican (1860–1901), the Winona Republican-Herald (1901–1954), and the Winona Daily News (1954–1976). Mississippi The Citizens Council  - Digitized issues of the newspaper of the white supremacist Citizens’ Council of Mississippi, published from October 1955 to September 1961.Ancestry Historical Newspaper Collection, Mississippi  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Subscription-based access to ten historical Mississippi newspapers, including several incarnations of the Daily Democrat Times (1904–1912 and 1930–1977) from Greenville, Mississippi.The Memphis Daily Appeal  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Although located in Memphis, Tennessee, this newspaper included several Mississippi towns in its coverage area, including Hernando, Grenada, Jackson, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Missouri Chillicothe Constitution Tribune  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Searchable archive of more than 320,447 newspaper pages from the Chillicothe Constitution Tribune, 1889-2006.Missouri Digital Heritage, Newspapers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Online archive of historic newspapers from St. Louis and other locations from the collections of various Missouri libraries and historical societies.Chronicling America1836–1922 – Over three dozen historical Missouri newspapers can be searched or browsed in this free online collection from the Library of Congress. Includes the St. Joseph Observer, Jackson Herald, and many others. Montana Chronicling America  - A small handful of Montana historical newspapers are available online as part of this free Library of Congress project; the two largest runs are The Anaconda Standard (1889-1970) and Daily Yellowstone Journal (1882-1893).Digital CharKoosta News  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitization of this newspaper published by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation covers the years 1956 to 1961, and 1971 to 1988. Nebraska Nebraska Newspapers  - Searchable full-text of selected Nebraska newspapers published in the state before 1923, plus great background information on each newspaper. These newspapers also available through Chronicling America.Chronicling America  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Nebraska newspapers digitized in this freely available full-text database from the Library of Congress include The Dakota County Herald (1891-1965), Omaha Daily Bee (1872-1922), Columbus Journal (1874-1911) and The Red Cloud Chief (1873-1923).The Ord Quiz  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This historic newspaper from the Ord Township Library is available as searchable PDFs, browsable by date. Nevada Las Vegas Age Digital Newspaper Collection, 1905–1924 - Digital images of the Las Vegas Age from the special collections of the Las Vegas-Clark County Library District. Published from 7 Apr 1905–30 Nov 1947, but several issues are missing, including all of 1916.Henderson Libraries Digital Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Includes two newspapers dating back to the mid-20th century – The Henderson Home News (1951-current), and The Big Job and Basic Bombardier newsletters (1940s) from the BMI magnesium plant in Henderson, Nevada. New Hampshire Paper of Record  - A few short runs of historical New Hampshire papers, including The White Mountain Reporter and Carroll County Independent, are available online from the subscription-based site, Paper of Record.Newspaper Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Several New Hampshire newspapers can be accessed via a subscription to Newspaper Archive, including the Portsmouth Herald (1898–2007). New Jersey Atlantic County Digitized Newspaper Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized newspapers published in Atlantic County from 1860-1923, including the South Jersey Republican (1863-1923) and Mays Landing Record (1877–1906).Red Bank Register Newspaper Archives  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Full text searching of this New Jersey newspaper covers the years 1878–1991. From the Middletown Township Public Library.The Bayshore Independent (Matawan)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Select digitized issues covering the years 1971 through 2000, from the Matawan - Aberdeen Public Library.New Brunswick Daily Times  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Access to searchable, digital issues of the New Brunswick Daily Times (1871–1916), from the New Brunswick Public Library. New Mexico Chronicling America  - Nearly 5 million digitized, searchable newspaper pages from historical New Mexico newspapers can be searched online for free in this collection from the Library of Congress. Includes historical runs of The Albuquerque Citizen (1895–1909) and The (Albuquerque) Evening Herald (1914–1922).New Mexicos Digital Collections  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized copies of several New Mexico newspapers (Belen News, Borderer, Revista de Taos...) are online as part of a digital collections project of the University of New Mexico University Libraries. They also host a  searchable database  for locating non-digitized New Mexico newspapers. New York NYS Historic Newspapers  - Over 4 million digitized newspapers pages from historic newspaper titles across much of New York State are available for free online searching and browsing.  Fulton History  - Dont let the title and design of this website fool you! Owner Tom Tryniski has digitized and made available online for FREE over 30 million historical newspaper pages, mostly from newspapers across the state of New York.The Brooklyn Newsstand  - The Brooklyn Public Library offers free online access  to the full run of the  Brooklyn Daily Eagle  newspaper, which was published from 1841 to 1955, as well as  Brooklyn Life, a society magazine published from 1890 to 1931.

Daisyworld Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Daisyworld - Coursework Example The surface temperature of a lifeless planet would have changed dramatically with the increase in luminosity of the sun over geological timescales; on Earth, it has remained remarkably constant around temperatures suitable for life (s Harvey, 2003). Daisyworld is a simplified model of an imaginary planet with just two species of daisies, black and white in order to demonstrate the way it happens. The growth rate of the daisies depends on their local temperature but the daisies modify this due to the differences in the way of absorbing radiation; black daisies have low albedo i.e. reflectivity and thus they heat up easily. On the other hand, white daisies with higher albedo tend to reflect the sun's radiation. The Gaia hypothesis (Lovelock, 1972, 1979, 1988) came into the scene with the problem of determining the possibilities of life on Mars1. To carry out the experiments, it was neither easy not necessary according to Hitchcock and Lovelock (1966), to go to Mars. They claimed that all that was required is determination of the composition of the atmosphere of Mars. The atmosphere of Mars should be at chemical equilibrium (which is true) in the absence of any form of life on the planet. Similarly, if the atmosphere were not at equilibrium just like Earth, then this would strongly support the possibility of life on mars. Lovelock believed that the Planet Earth should be studied as an organism due to the analysis that the general activity of the planet can effectively indicate the existence of life on it. The characteristic properties exhibited by the living things like respiration, metabolism, self-regulation, irritability and reproduction can be studied for the determination of life. To consider earth as an organism is just a matter of choice of great researchers but it certainly posses many properties similar to organisms. The key objections that have been raised to the Gaia hypothesis are based on the evolution theory. Arguments are there on the consideration of Earth as an organism believing that organism properties arise only through natural selection. There is no particular mechanism so that the Earth can maintain the favourable conditions for the biota and hence there is no need to consider the matter (Dawkins, 1982). Continuous arguments were present about the